Laos has relatively superior geographical, climate, water resources, soil (soil pH is 5 ~ 7) and other agricultural planting conditions, which are suitable for crop planting. Its plateau and low mountain areas are good areas for developing economic crops, and are the main production bases of export economic products such as coffee, tobacco, peanut and tea in Laos. Among the planting areas of economic crops in Laos, coffee ranks first, equivalent to economic cultivation Ganmeng plateau is a comprehensive production area of rice, corn and other food crops and coffee, tobacco and other economic crops in Laos. The East Bank of Mekong River in central and southern Laos is a plain area, which is an important "rice fishing town" in Laos and Indochina Peninsula. The rice production conditions are very favorable. For example, shawannaji plain and zhanbasai plain, with wide area, rich water source and flat terrain, are mostly alluvial soil and humus soil, and some swamps, which are the most promising areas for rice production in Laos. The Vientiane plain, located in the central part of Laos, is characterized by wide and flat terrain, numerous small rivers and alluvial soil. It is the third largest plain in Laos and the most important agricultural development zone in Laos. All parts of Laos can plant two crops of rice a year, and in some areas, three crops can be planted, which has great agricultural potential. At present, the Lao government banned the export of wooden products, cracked down on deforestation, and developed ecological agricultural economy, providing strong guarantee for the sustainable development of Laos' agriculture.

(1) Rice production and export

Rice is the most important food crop in Laos, and its main varieties are glutinous rice, japonica rice and upland rice. Laos is the second most important source center of glutinous rice in the world, with more than 13000 indigenous rice varieties. Thanks to the unique geographical and climatic conditions, many places in Laos can plant two crops of rice, and even three crops can be planted in some areas. The majority of families in Laos have the conditions and tradition of planting rice. From 2010 to 2011, the proportion of households planting rice reached 71%. Rice planting in Laos has become an important part of ensuring food security in Laos. With the unremitting efforts of the Lao government and people, the rice production area in Laos has been expanding and the output is increasing day by day.

(2) Corn production and export

Maize is the food crop next to rice in Laos. In 2014 fiscal year, the planting area of sweet corn in Laos was 271000 ha, and the output was 256000 tons. ② at present, the corn export target market in northern Laos (fengshali, langnanta, udomsai, poqiao, xiengkuang, Luang Prabang, Huapan, sayaburi and Vientiane provinces) is China.

(3) Banana planting and export

Laos has unique geographical and climatic conditions suitable for banana planting. Since 2010, the banana harvest area and banana yield in Laos have been steadily increasing. In 2012, the harvest area was 23700 hectares, an increase of 9.9% over 2011; in 2013, the total output of bananas in Laos was 401500 tons, an increase of 74.6% compared with 230000 tons in 2011. At the same time, the export volume of bananas in Laos increased 10 times, from more than 30.8 billion Kip (3.8 million US dollars) in 2011-2012 to 324.8 billion Kip (40 million US dollars) in 2014-2015. The main banana markets in Laos are China and Thailand.

(4) Coffee planting and export

Laos became a French colony in 1893. With the invasion of colonialists, coffee and coffee culture were introduced into Laos. In 1920, Laos began to plant coffee on a large scale. In 2014, a total of 91870 hectares of coffee were planted in Laos, with a total output of 113580 tons, of which 87150 hectares were planted in the southern region; in 2015, a total of 93385 hectares of coffee were planted in Laos, with a total output of 135925 tons, of which 88440 hectares were planted in the southern region, accounting for 95% of the country %However, in recent years, the development of coffee planting in fengshali Province in the north is very rapid, and it has become an important coffee producing area in the north. The production scale of coffee is on the rise. The yield per unit area of coffee in Laos is relatively low, with 500 kg / ha of medium seed and 1500 kg / ha of small seed, which is far from the yield level of 2250.55 kg / HA in China, indicating that Laos has great potential for increasing coffee production. In Laos, the main coffee species were medium grained, accounting for 55.16%, and small grained coffee was the second, accounting for 42.67%; The largest species are third, which account for the laudatory name of 2.17%. Laos, which has the characteristics of "Indochina ridge". It has the characteristics of high altitude, large difference in temperature between day and night, moderate rainfall and so on. The volcano geology is also in the territory, and the soil is slightly acidic. Therefore, Bolaven Plateau and the northern mountainous area of Laos are recognized as one of the best coffee producing areas in the world. Laos coffee is mainly used for export. In 2013, 30198 tons of coffee were exported, earning 72.742 million US dollars, of which 55% were exported to Europe, 44% to Asia and 1% to the United States. Among the coffee exports, 42.68% were small-grained, 54.66% were medium-sized, and 2.66% were large-grained. In recent years, with the decline of international agricultural product prices, the export volume and output value of Lao coffee also declined. In 2014, the export volume of coffee in Laos dropped to 26000 tons, with an export value of US $60 million; in 2015, the export volume of coffee in Laos dropped to 23000 tons, with an export value of US $50 million.

(5) Rubber planting and export

Rubber is one of the main economic crops planted in Laos. In 2003, there were 900 hectares of rubber forest in Laos, which increased to 28800 hectares in 2007 and 234000 hectares in 2010. In 2014, the planting area was 282000 ha. The rubber plantations in the northern provinces, such as langnanta, Udomxay, fengshali, POJO and Luang Prabang, are mainly invested by Chinese companies, while those in the southern provinces such as jambasa, azoppo, Sekong and sarawan are mainly invested by Vietnamese companies. ③ In recent years, with the decline of global rubber prices, many growers in Laos cut down rubber trees to grow cash crops or sell rubber farms. The rubber planting area in Laos has decreased. At present, the rubber planting area in Laos is 250000 hectares, of which 67000 hectares belong to local farmers, 58600 hectares are under contract management, and 121800 hectares have franchise rights Investment management of foreign companies.  Companies investing in rubber planting in northern Laos are mainly from China. For example, Yunnan rubber investment company has invested 60000 hectares of rubber in langnanta, udomsai, fengshali and boqiao. The rubber planted by Chinese companies in northern Laos is mainly imported from Laos through China's opium poppy substitution project.